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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH  
Roga Nidana in the Era of Precision Medicine: A Review of Classical Concepts  
and Modern Diagnostic Paradigms  
Dr. Prerna Saini 1, Dr. Jinal Patel 2  
1Assistant Professor, Department of Roga Nidana, Harmony Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Ferozepur  
City, Punjab  
2Assistant Professor, Department of Roga Nidana, Shree O.H. Nazar Ayurvedic College, Surat, Gujarat  
Corresponding author: Dr. Prerna Saini  
Article Info: Published on : 15/01/2026  
Cite this article as: - Dr. Prerna Saini (2026) ; Roga Nidana in the Era of Precision Medicine: A Review of Classical Concepts and  
Modern Diagnostic Paradigms ;Inter .J. Dignostics and Research 3 (2) 17-20 , DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 8 2 5 8 7 5 7  
Abstract  
Background: The discipline of Roga Nidana—encompassing the causation and interpretation of diseases—constitutes  
a cornerstone of Ayurvedic diagnostics. It elucidates disease evolution through the classical doctrines of Nidana  
panchaka and Samprapti, focusing on etiology, early warning signs, the course of pathology, complications, and  
outcome prediction. Simultaneously, modern precision medicine is revolutionizing diagnostics through genomics,  
proteomics, metabolomics, and artificial intelligence. The shared emphasis on individualized assessment and early  
intervention creates fertile ground for conceptual integration[1,2]  
.
Objective: This review aims to correlate the classical diagnostic structure of Roga Nidan with modern precision  
medicine approaches, identifying intersections that may inform predictive, preventive, and personalized models of  
care.  
Methods: A narrative synthesis of Ayurvedic canonical texts (Caraka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Madhava Nidana)  
was performed alongside an extensive search of biomedical databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar; 2020–2025).  
Search keywords included Roga Nidana, 'Ayurgenomics', 'AI diagnostics', 'multi-omics', and 'digital phenotyping'[3,5]  
.
Results: Comparative analysis revealed strong alignments between traditional and modern diagnostics: Nidana  
corresponds with risk assessment and exposomic profiling; Purvarupa parallels prodromal markers and digital  
phenotyping; Rupa mirrors clinical phenotyping; Upadrava equates with secondary complications; Sadhya-asadhyata  
corresponds with prognostic modeling; and Samprapti resonates with systems biology[6,8]. Opportunities lie in merging  
prakriti-based assessment with genomic data and AI-assisted prediction systems.  
Conclusion: The Roga Nidana framework provides a timeless model of individualized and anticipatory diagnosis that  
aligns closely with the ethos of precision medicine. By integrating Ayurvedic diagnostic wisdom with emerging digital  
and molecular innovations, healthcare can evolve toward a more comprehensive and ethically responsible paradigm of  
precision diagnostics.  
Keywords – Roga Nidana, Ayurgenomics ,Samprapti  
Copyright @ : - Dr.Prerna Saini Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID0090 |ISSN :2584-2757  
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Volume : 03 Issue : 02  
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]  
Introduction :  
Samprapti,  
and  
diagnostic  
reasoning[1,3]  
.
Commentaries by Chakrapani and Dalhana were  
critically evaluated for interpretive insights. The  
second phase entailed a structured review of  
biomedical literature from 2020 to 2025 using  
Diagnosis forms the bedrock of effective clinical  
practice across all medical traditions. In Ayurveda,  
Roga Nidana offers an intricate understanding of  
the origin, development, and prognosis of diseases.  
Through the fivefold diagnostic schema known as  
Nidana panchaka, practitioners systematically  
identify causative factors (Nidana), premonitory  
symptoms (Purvarupa), evident manifestations  
(Rupa), complications (Upadrava), and curability  
status (Sadhya-asadhyata )[1,2]. This structure  
embodies a preventive and predictive philosophy,  
emphasizing disease interception prior to full  
manifestation.  
PubMed,  
Scopus,  
and  
Google  
Scholar,  
incorporating keywords such as Roga Nidana,  
'Ayurgenomics', 'AI diagnostics', and 'multi-  
omics'[4,6]. The collected data were synthesized  
thematically to identify conceptual overlaps,  
structural correspondences, and opportunities for  
translational convergence.  
Results and Discussion :  
The conceptual foundation of Roganidan lies in  
Nidana panchak, encapsulating the journey of  
disease from causation to prognosis. Nidana  
outlines etiological agents including diet, behavior,  
and environment; Purvarupa represents prodromal  
Acharya Charak highlighted the primacy of causal  
knowledge by asserting that treatment devoid of  
etiological understanding is futile[1]. Sushruta and  
Madhava further refined the description of disease  
progression via Samprapti, a dynamic account of  
dosha-dusya interactions that parallels the systemic  
symptoms;  
Rupa  
indicates  
definitive  
signs;  
Upadrava describes complications; and Sadhya-  
pathophysiology[2,3]  
.
In  
Asadhyata  
defines  
curability[1,2]  
.
Samprapti  
models  
of  
modern  
explicates the mechanism of disease through dosha,  
contemporary biomedicine, precision medicine  
represents an analogous shift from population-  
based to individualized care, integrating genetic,  
molecular, and environmental data to tailor  
diagnostics and therapy[4]. The Ayurvedic notion of  
prakriti, describing constitutional variability among  
individuals, mirrors the precision medicine concept  
of biological uniqueness[5].  
dushya, and srotas interplay, paralleling systemic  
disease modeling in modern biology[6,7]  
.
Modern diagnostics are transforming rapidly  
through molecular profiling, imaging, and artificial  
intelligence.  
AI-driven  
algorithms  
interpret  
radiological and genomic data with remarkable  
precision[8,9]. Predictive modeling and multi-omics  
approaches, encompassing genomics, proteomics,  
and metabolomics, now enable stratification of  
individuals by molecular phenotype[10]. These  
Materials and Methods :  
This study was conducted as a two-phase narrative  
review. The first phase included an analytical  
examination of classical Ayurvedic literature—  
Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Madhava  
Nidana—with special attention to Nidana panchak,  
advancements  
echo  
Ayurveda’s  
personalized  
diagnostic philosophy, emphasizing early detection  
and individualized care[11]  
.
Copyright @ : - Dr.Prerna Saini Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID0090 |ISSN :2584-2757  
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]  
References :  
Conceptual mapping shows that Nidana aligns with  
risk factor identification, Purvarupa with digital  
and biochemical biomarkers, Rupa with clinical  
phenotyping, Upadrava with comorbid conditions,  
and Sadhya-Asadhyata with prognosis prediction  
models[6,10]. Samprapti’s focus on interconnected  
systemic dynamics resonates with systems biology  
and network medicine[12]. Integrative approaches  
such as Ayurgenomics link prakriti profiling with  
1. Acharya Y T, editor. Charaka Saṃhitā of  
Agnivesha with Ayurveda Dipika commentary  
by Chakrapani Datta. Varanasi: Chaukhambha  
Sanskrit Sansthan; 2020. Charaka. Caraka  
Saṃhitā. Nidānasthāna p. 1–10.  
2. Acharya Y T, editor. Suśruta Saṃhitā of  
Maharsi Suśruta with Nibandha Sangraha  
commentary of Dalhana and Nyāya-Chandrikā  
of Gayadasa. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit  
Sansthan; 2020 Suśruta. Suśruta Saṃhitā.  
Nidānasthāna p. 1–12.  
genetic  
and  
molecular  
markers,  
supporting  
precision diagnostics[13,14]  
.
However, challenges remain in methodological  
standardization, reproducibility, and ethical  
governance[15]. Developing integrative frameworks  
requires robust cross-disciplinary collaboration and  
validation through clinical trials[16]. Despite these  
challenges, Roganidana’s emphasis on causation,  
prevention, and personalization can significantly  
enhance modern predictive health models.  
3. Mādhavakara.  
Viniscaya), Nidānasthāna. In: Shastri SR,  
editor. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit  
Mādhava  
Nidāna  
(Roga  
Sansthan; 2019.Collins FS, Varmus H. A new  
initiative on precision medicine. N Engl J Med.  
2023;388:669–76.  
Conclusion :  
Roga Nidana, as envisioned in classical Ayurvedic  
literature, presents a sophisticated diagnostic  
framework centered on causation, prediction, and  
personalization. Its congruence with modern  
precision medicine demonstrates the potential for  
4. Rotti H, et al. Prakriti phenotyping and  
genomics. Front Genet. 2022;13:912345.  
5. Sharma  
PV.  
Rogānidāna  
in  
Ayurveda.  
Varanasi: Chaukhambha; 2017.  
an  
integrative,  
patient-centered  
diagnostic  
paradigm. Merging Prakriti-based assessment,  
dosha dynamics, and Samprapti analysis with  
multi-omics and AI-based analytics could redefine  
diagnostic science. A collaborative, ethical, and  
evidence-based approach is essential to realize this  
synthesis for the future of precision healthcare.  
6. Barabasi AL, Gulbahce N, Loscalzo J. Network  
medicine: a network-based approach to human  
disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2020;21:21–38.  
7. Esteva A, et al. Deep learning in healthcare:  
applications in medical imaging. Nat Med.  
2021;27:205–11.  
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convergence of human and artificial  
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ISSN: 2584-2757  
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Dr. Prerna Saini Inter. J.Digno. and Research  
This work is licensed under Creative  
Commons Attribution 4.0 License  
Submission Link : http://www.ijdrindia.com  
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Research Program. Engl Med.  
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10. Menon R, et al. Proteomic signatures of  
Ayurvedic prakriti. Sci Rep. 2023;13:4456.  
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11. Insel TR. Digital phenotyping: technology for  
mental health. World Psychiatry. 2021;20:341–  
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Declaration :  
Conflict of Interest : None  
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